Surin Province. Surin ist eine große Provinz auf Mun River Basin in Lower Nordosten von Thailand.

Surin.

Surin is a big province on Mun River Basin in Lower Northeast of Thailand. It is well known, locally and international, for its elephant. The gigantic animal of Surin impresses everyone with loveliness, cleverness and creates unique character of the province. Surin people have long relationship with elephant which becomes icon of the province now. Plenty of Khmer Ruins, beautiful silk and famous jasmine rice make Surin a very interesting destination.
In historical aspect, Surin’s story can be dated back thousands of year B.C. when Suai or Kuai ethnic group migrated along Mekong River to settle around Dongrek Range. Kuai ethnic people, found in Thailand and Laos, is talent in catching and training elephant. Some 2,000 years ago, during Khmer Era, Surin town was established. After the fall of Khmer Empire, the town was neglected until 1763, when Luang Surin Pakdi (Chiang Pum) headman of Mueang Thi Village, led his people to settle at Ban Khu Prathai, in present Surin City. He was promoted as the first mayor later.
Surin is some 457 kilometres from Bangkok. The province acquires total area of 8,124 square kilometres and it can be divided into 17 Amphoes namely Mueang Surin, Chumphon Buri, Tha Tum, Chom Phra, Prasat, Kap Choeng, Rattanaburi, Phanom, Si Khoraphum, Sangkha, Samrong Thap, Buachet, Lamduan, Si Narong, Phanom Dong Rak, Khwao Sinarin, and Non Narai.



Surin.

Surin ist eine große Provinz auf Mun River Basin in Lower Nordosten von Thailand. Es ist gut bekannt, örtlich und internationalen seinerseits Elefant. Das gigantische Tier Surin beeindruckt jeden mit Lieblichkeit, Klugheit und schafft einzigartige Charakter der Provinz. Surin Menschen haben lange Beziehung mit Elefanten, der das Symbol der Provinz wird jetzt. Viele Khmer-Ruinen, schöne Seide und berühmten Jasminreis machen Surin ein sehr interessantes Ziel.
Im historischen Aspekt kann Surin Geschichte zurück werden Tausende von Jahre v. Chr. datiert wenn Suai oder Kuai ethnischen Gruppe entlang Mekong River wanderten rund Dongrek Bereich zu regeln. Kuai ethnischen Menschen, in Thailand und Laos gefunden, ist das Talent zu fangen und trainieren Elefanten. Rund 2.000 Jahren, während Khmer Era wurde Surin Stadt gegründet. Nach dem Sturz des Khmer-Reiches, wurde die Stadt bis 1763, wenn Luang Surin Pakdi (Chiang Pum) Häuptling Mueang Thi Village, sein Volk zu Ban Khu Prathai niederzulassen, in der Gegenwart Surin Stadt geführt vernachlässigt. Er wurde als der erste Bürgermeister förderte später.
Surin ist etwa 457 Kilometer von Bangkok entfernt. Die Provinz erwirbt Gesamtfläche von 8.124 Quadratkilometern und kann in 17 Amphoes nämlich Mueang Surin, Chumphon Buri, Tha Tum, Chom Phra, Prasat, Kap Choeng, Rattanaburi, Phanom, Si Khoraphum, Sangkha, Samrong Thap, Buachet, Lamduan aufgeteilt werden , Si Narong, Phanom Dong Rak, Khwao Sinarin und Non Narai.

DATA HISTORY THAILAND

HISTORY
Throughout its 800-year history, Thailand can boast the distinction of being the only country in Southeast Asia never to have been colonized. Its history is divided into five major periods
Nanchao Period (650-1250 A.D.) The Thai people founded their kingdom in the southern part of China, which is Yunnan, Kwangsi and Canton today. A great number of people migrated south as far as the Chao Phraya Basin and settled down over the Central Plain under the sovereignty of the Khmer Empire, whose culture they probably accepted. The Thai people founded their independent state of Sukhothai around 1238 A.D., which marks the beginning of the Sukhothai Period
Sukhothai Period (1238-1378 A.D.) Thais began to emerge as a dominant force in the region in the13th century, gradually asserting independence from existing Khmer and Mon kingdoms. Called by its rulers "the dawn of happiness", this is often considered the golden era of Thai history, an ideal Thai state in a land of plenty governed by paternal and benevolent kings, the most famous of whom was King Ramkamhaeng the Great. However in 1350, the mightier state of Ayutthaya exerted its influence over Sukhothai.
Ayutthaya Period (1350-1767) The Ayutthaya kings adopted Khmer cultural influences from the very beginning. No longer the paternal and accessible rulers that the kings of Sukhothai had been, Ayutthaya's sovereigns were absolute monarchs and assumed the title devaraja (god-king). The early part of this period saw Ayutthaya extend its sovereignty over neighboring Thai principalities and come into conflict with its neighbours, During the 17th century, Siam started diplomatic and commercial relations with western countries. In 1767, a Burmese invasion succeeded in capturing Ayutthaya. Despite their overwhelming victory, the Burmese did not retain control of Siam for long. A young general named Phya Taksin and his followers broke through the Burmese and escaped to Chantaburi. Seven months after the fall of Ayutthaya, he and his forces sailed back to the capital and expelled the Burmese occupation garrison.
Thon Buri Period (1767-1772) General Taksin, as he is popularly known, decided to transfer the capital from Ayutthaya to a site nearer to the sea which would facilitate foreign trade, ensure the procurement of arms, and make defense and withdrawal easier in case of a renewed Burmese attack. He established his new capital at Thon Buri on the west bank of the Chao Phraya River. The rule of Taksin was not an easy one. The lack of central authority since the fall of Ayutthaya led to the rapid disintegration of the kingdom, and Taksin's reign was spent reuniting the provinces.
Rattanakosin Period (1782 - the Present) After Taksin's death, General Chakri became the first king of the Chakri Dynasty, Rama I, ruling from 1782 to 1809. His first action as king was to transfer the royal capital across the river from Thon Buri to Bangkok and build the Grand Palace. Rama II (1809-1824) continued the restoration begun by his predecessor. King Nang Klao, Rama III (1824-1851) reopened relations with Western nations and developed trade with China. King Mongkut, Rama IV, (1851-1868) of "The King and I" concluded treaties with European countries, avoided colonialization and established modern Thailand. He made many social and economic reforms during his reign.
King Chulalongkorn, Rama V (1869-1910) continued his father's tradition of reform, abolishing slavery and improving the public welfare and administrative system. Compulsory education and other educational reforms were introduced by King Vajiravudh, Rama VI (1910-1925). During the reign of King Prajadhipok, (1925-1935), Thailand changed from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy. The king abdicated in 1933 and was succeeded by his nephew, King Ananda Mahidol (1935-1946). The country's name was changed from Siam to Thailand with the advent of a democratic government in 1939. Our present monarch, King Bhumibol Adulyadej, is King Rama IX of the Chakri Dynasty.

Thailand Travel

AYUTTHAYA : The ancient city Ayutthaya, or Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, was the capital of Siam for 417 years, and remains one of Thailand's majior tourist attractions. Founded by 'King U-Thong or Ramathibodi I' in 1350, the city possesses many ancient ruins and art which were left behind when the Thais were forced southwards after being sacked by the Burmese in 1767. CHA-AM : This beautiful beach, twinned with Hua Hin of Phrachuap Khiri Khan, is located 40 kms. south of the town or 20 kms. north of Hua Hin. Cha-Am was originally a small fishing village. After a Royal Palace was built near Hua Hin in the reign of King Rama VI, the land was occupied by the Royal Family and the elite. Today, it is very popular among Thais who love superb seafood and comfortable hotel or bungalow accommodation. CHIANG MAI : Chiang Mai is blessed with stunning natural beauty and a unique indigenous cultural identity. Founded in 1296 by King Mengrai the Great, it was the capital of the Lanna Thai Kingdom by merging the various city- states in the region, Chiang Mai is today the economic, communications, cultural and tourism centre of Northern Thailand. This pre- eminent regional status has been obtained without losing the essence of its natural environment and culture. The terrain consists mainly of mountainous jungles, parts of which are within fertile and verdant national parks full of all kinds of flora and fauna. Additionally, many sites and locations still exist where tourists can still witness the lifestyle and traditions of the ancient hill tribe people. Chiang Mai is also Thailand's main centre for quality handicrafts. Artisans hone their art in the outlying villages where authentic cottage industries thrive. In particular, along the Bo Sang-San Kamphaeng Road, such handicraft-producing factories give visitors a glimpse of the traditional methods still in use today. CHIANG RAI : Chiang Rai is situated in the Kok River basin 416 m above sea level in the northernmost province of Thailand about 785 kilometres from Bangkok. With an area of some 11,678 sq km, the mostly mountainous expanse touches the Mekong River to the north, and borders both Myanmar and Laos. The province is rich in tourism resources, in terms of natural attractions and antiquities, which serve as reminders of an ancient civilisation. It is also home to several hilltribes who lead simple, albeit fascinating, ways of life. HAT YAI : Situated 1289 km. southwest of Bangkok, Hat Yai is Thailand's most popular destination for travellers because of its strategic location as the southern geteway to Thailand. The city finds fame as a focal point for vigorous cross-border trading, enjoying the support form Thai folk from all over the country who clamour for Malaysian produce, such as tropical fruit ; pears, apples, Muscat grapes, and products including assorted Western biscuits and chocolates, cosmetics and many other items. Nevertheless, Hat Yai owes much of its charm and attraction to its vibrant, vivacious nightlife which revolves around the nightclubs, bars, pubs, discotheques, karaoke lounges, shopping malls and cinemas. HUA-HIN : This beach city located 200 km. south of Bangkok, became popular as a rainy season retreat in the 1920s with the construction of the railway line form Bangkok. Also during this time, King Rama VII selected a special piece of beachfront property to build the Klai Kangwon Palace, or literally 'Haven Far From Worries'. The fact that this palace remains in frequent use by the Royal Family today lends this town an atmosphere quite different from other beach areas in Thailand. KANCHANABURI : The mountainous province of Kanchanaburi, Thailand's third largest, covers some 19,473 sq km, and borders Myanmar (Burma) to the west of Bangkok. The compact provincial capital, some 130 km or a comfortable two-hour drive from Bangkok, is both the site of the world-famous 'Bridge Over The Rive Kwai', immortalised in books and movies, as well as the gateway to a region of rugged natural beauty. The countryside beyond the provincial capital is characterised by mountains and fertile river valleys where a labyrinth of dammed reservoirs province's natural beauty. KHAO YAI : Khao Yai National Park is Thailand's second largest, covering 2,168 sq km, encompassing 11 districts and 4 provinces; Sara Buri, Nakhon Ratchasima, Prachin Buri, and Nakhon Nayok. It was thailand's first National Park, and was established on September 18, 1962. The park encompasses a wide variety of habitats, including evergreen forests and grasslands. There are also several mountains as tall as a 1,000 m including Khao Khieo. It is host to almost 2,500 plant species, 67 different kinds of mammals and over 300 species of birds. The entire area is criss-crossed by hiking trails, ranging in length from one and a half to eight km In addition, there are many waterfalls, the tallest and most spectacular of which is Haew Narok at 80 m Another waterfall, Haeo Suwat, is located along the upper reaches of the Lam Takhong River. KHON KAEN : Khon Kaen boasts a lengthy history and claims to be the birthplace of so many thriving civilisations and cultures. This is an area where the first dinosaur fossils were found in Thailand. Once the quiet capital ofone of the poorest provinces in the Northeast, it has undergone dramatic changes and is now a prosperous, bustling town. Situated right in the heart of the region, Khon Kaen is the focal point of many regional development projects, including the site of the region's largest public universty. KOH CHANG : This island prradise is located in Trat province near the border of Cambodia, and lies approximately 315 km. from Bangkok . This wonderful island is thankfully not as exploited as some of Thailand's other islands and remains unpolluted, with white sandy beaches. King Rama V, King Rama VI and King Rama VII usde to holiday on the island and even the present ruler, Kiung Bhumibhol Adulyadej, plans occasional visits. Besides a relaxed beach vacation Koh Chang has various leisure offers for active holidaymakers e.g. snorkelliing, diving or mountain-biking. Many resorts rent out kayaks and arrange jungle treks as well as all day boat tours to the surrounding islands. Islands such as Koh Nham, Koh Sai Kao, Koh Laoya, Koh Vai, Koh Kam, Koh Mak and Koh Kradard also offer tranquillty and natural-beauty. Coral reefs offer diving and snorking on Koh Vai, Koh Kra and the Rang group of islands. KOH SAMUI : Thailand's 3rd largest island is a palm-fringed paradise with coastal roads encircling the whole island. Aside from the lovely beaches and coral beds, it is plentiful in coconut plantations and forested hills. The more popular beaches are on the northern and eastern coasts, namely Chaweng Beach, known for its party scene and a combination of luxury accommodations and Lamai Beach. Many international diving schools have been established on nearby Koh Tao (Turtle Island) because of its pristine beaches and abundant coralreefs which contribute to its reputation as the best scuba diving spot in the Gulf of Thailand. KRABI : One of the most attractive destinations in Thailand covers an area of 4,709 sq km and is located 814 km south of Bangkok. Krabi's major attractions are located largely along its extensive coastline with several well-known beaches and bays, and numerous offshore tropical islands. Krabi's mountainous physical landscape is broken only by appearances of highlands and plains on the mainland. Natural forest cover is chiefly Mangrove and Cassia trees. The Krabi River flows 5 km through the town and falls into the Andaman Sea at Tambon Pak Nam. http://astore.amazon.com/thailandhot0d-20